iblatlas.plots

Module that has convenience plotting functions for 2D atlas slices and flatmaps.

Functions

annotate_swanson	Display annotations on a Swanson flatmap.
compute_volume_from_points	Creates a 3D volume with xyz points placed in corresponding voxel in volume.
coords_for_poly_hole	Function to convert
get_bc_10	Get BrainCoordinates object for 10um Allen Atlas
load_slice_files	Function to load in set of vectorised atlas slices for a given atlas axis and mapping.
plot_points_on_slice	Plot xyz points on slice.
plot_polygon	Function to plot matplotlib polygon on an axis
plot_polygon_with_hole	Function to plot matplotlib polygon that contains a hole on an axis
plot_scalar_on_barplot	Function to plot scalar value per allen region on a bar plot.
plot_scalar_on_flatmap	Function to plot scalar value per allen region on flatmap slice
plot_scalar_on_slice	Function to plot scalar value per region on histology slice.
plot_swanson	Displays the 2D image corresponding to the swanson flatmap.
plot_swanson_vector	Function to plot scalar value per allen region on the swanson projection.
plot_volume_on_slice	Plot slice through a volume
prepare_lr_data	Prepare data in format needed for plotting when providing different region values per hemisphere
reorder_data	Reorder list of acronyms and values to match the Allen ordering.

get_bc_10()

Get BrainCoordinates object for 10um Allen Atlas

Return type:

BrainCoordinates object

plot_polygon(ax, xy, color, reg_id, edgecolor='k', linewidth=0.3, alpha=1)

Function to plot matplotlib polygon on an axis

Parameters:

• ax (matplotlib.pyplot.Axes) – An axis object to plot onto.

• xy (numpy.array) – 2D array of x and y coordinates of vertices of polygon

• color (str, tuple of int) – The color to fill the polygon

• reg_id (str, int) – An id to assign to the polygon

• edgecolor (str, tuple of int) – The color of the edge of the polgon

• linewidth (int) – The width of the edges of the polygon

• alpha (float between 0 and 1) – The opacitiy of the polygon

plot_polygon_with_hole(ax, vertices, codes, color, reg_id, edgecolor='k', linewidth=0.3, alpha=1)

Function to plot matplotlib polygon that contains a hole on an axis

Parameters:

• ax (matplotlib.pyplot.Axes) – An axis object to plot onto.

• vertices (numpy.array) – 2D array of x and y coordinates of vertices of polygon

• codes (numpy.array) – 1D array of path codes used to link the vertices (https://matplotlib.org/stable/tutorials/advanced/path_tutorial.html)

• color (str, tuple of int) – The color to fill the polygon

• reg_id (str, int) – An id to assign to the polygon

• edgecolor (str, tuple of int) – The color of the edge of the polgon

• linewidth (int) – The width of the edges of the polygon

• alpha (float between 0 and 1) – The opacitiy of the polygon

coords_for_poly_hole(coords)

Function to convert

Parameters:

coords (dict) – Dictionary containing keys x, y and invert. x and y contain numpy.array of x coordinates, y coordinates for the vertices of the polgyon. The invert key is either 1 or -1 and deterimine how to assign the paths. The value for invert for each polygon was assigned manually after looking at the result

Returns:

• all_coords (numpy.array) – 2D array of x and y coordinates of vertices of polygon

• all_codes (numpy.array) – 1D array of path codes used to link the vertices (https://matplotlib.org/stable/tutorials/advanced/path_tutorial.html)

prepare_lr_data(acronyms_lh, values_lh, acronyms_rh, values_rh)

Prepare data in format needed for plotting when providing different region values per hemisphere

Parameters:

• acronyms_lh – array of acronyms on left hemisphere

• values_lh – values for each acronym on left hemisphere

• acronyms_rh – array of acronyms on right hemisphere

• values_rh – values for each acronym on left hemisphere

Returns:

combined acronyms and two column array of values

reorder_data(acronyms, values, brain_regions=None)

Reorder list of acronyms and values to match the Allen ordering.

TODO Document more

Parameters:

• acronyms (array_like of str) – The acronyms to match the Allen ordering, whatever that means.

• values (array_like) – An array of some sort of values I guess…

• brain_regions (iblatlas.regions.BrainRegions) – A brain regions object.

Returns:

• numpy.array of str – An ordered array of acronyms

• numpy.array – An ordered array of values. I don’t know what those values are, not IDs, so maybe indices?

load_slice_files(slice, mapping)

Function to load in set of vectorised atlas slices for a given atlas axis and mapping.

If the data does not exist locally, it will download the files automatically stored in a AWS S3 bucket.

Parameters:

• slice ({'coronal', 'sagittal', 'horizontal', 'top'}) – The axis of the atlas to load.

• mapping ({'Allen', 'Beryl', 'Cosmos'}) – The mapping to load.

Returns:

slice_data – A json containing the vertices to draw each region for each slice in the Allen annotation volume.

Return type:

numpy.array

plot_scalar_on_slice(regions, values, coord=-1000, slice='coronal', mapping=None, hemisphere='left', background='image', cmap='viridis', clevels=None, show_cbar=False, empty_color='silver', brain_atlas=None, ax=None, vector=False, slice_files=None, **kwargs)

Function to plot scalar value per region on histology slice.

Parameters:

• regions (array_like) – An array of brain region acronyms.

• values (numpy.array) – An array of scalar value per acronym. If hemisphere is ‘both’ and different values want to be shown on each hemisphere, values should contain 2 columns, 1st column for LH values, 2nd column for RH values.

• coord (float) – Coordinate of slice in um (not needed when slice=’top’).

• slice ({'coronal', 'sagittal', 'horizontal', 'top'}, default='coronal') – Orientation of slice.

• mapping (str, optional) – Atlas mapping to use, options are depend on atlas used (see iblatlas.regions.BrainRegions). If None, the atlas default mapping is used.

• hemisphere ({'left', 'right', 'both'}, default='left') – The hemisphere to display.

• background ({image', 'boundary'}, default='image') – Background slice to overlay onto, options are ‘image’ or ‘boundary’. If vector is false, this argument is ignored.

• cmap (str, default='viridis') – Colormap to use.

• clevels (array_like) – The min and max color levels to use.

• show_cbar (bool, default=False) – Whether to display a colorbar.

• empty_color (str, default='silver') – Color to use for regions without any values (only used when vector is true).

• brain_atlas (iblatlas.atlas.AllenAtlas) – A brain atlas object.

• ax (matplotlib.pyplot.Axes) – An axis object to plot onto.

• vector (bool, default=False) – Whether to show as bitmap or vector graphic.

• slice_files (numpy.array) – The set of vectorised slices for this slice, obtained using load_slice_files(slice, mapping).

• **kwargs – Set of kwargs passed into matplotlib.patches.Polygon, e.g. linewidth=2, edgecolor=’None’ (only used when vector = True).

Returns:

• fig (matplotlib.figure.Figure) – The plotted figure.

• ax (matplotlib.pyplot.Axes) – The plotted axes.

• cbar (matplotlib.pyplot.colorbar, optional) – matplotlib colorbar object, only returned if show_cbar=True.

plot_scalar_on_flatmap(regions, values, depth=0, flatmap='dorsal_cortex', mapping='Allen', hemisphere='left', background='boundary', cmap='viridis', clevels=None, show_cbar=False, flmap_atlas=None, ax=None)

Function to plot scalar value per allen region on flatmap slice

Parameters:

• regions – array of acronyms of Allen regions

• values – array of scalar value per acronym. If hemisphere is ‘both’ and different values want to be shown on each

hemispheres, values should contain 2 columns, 1st column for LH values, 2nd column for RH values :param depth: depth in flatmap in um :param flatmap: name of flatmap (currently only option is ‘dorsal_cortex’) :param mapping: atlas mapping to use, options are ‘Allen’, ‘Beryl’ or ‘Cosmos’ :param hemisphere: hemisphere to display, options are ‘left’, ‘right’, ‘both’ :param background: background slice to overlay onto, options are ‘image’ or ‘boundary’ :param cmap: colormap to use :param clevels: min max color levels [cmin, cmax] :param show_cbar: whether to add colorbar to axis :param flmap_atlas: FlatMap object :param ax: optional axis object to plot on :return:

plot_volume_on_slice(volume, coord=-1000, slice='coronal', mapping='Allen', background='boundary', cmap='Reds', clevels=None, show_cbar=False, brain_atlas=None, ax=None)

Plot slice through a volume

Parameters:

• volume – 3D array of volume (must be same shape as brain_atlas object)

• coord – coordinate of slice in um

• slice – orientation of slice, options are ‘coronal’, ‘sagittal’, ‘horizontal’

• mapping – atlas mapping to use, options are ‘Allen’, ‘Beryl’ or ‘Cosmos’

• background – background slice to overlay onto, options are ‘image’ or ‘boundary’

• cmap – colormap to use

• clevels – min max color levels [cmin, cmax]

• show_cbar – whether to add colorbar to axis

• brain_atlas – AllenAtlas object

• ax – optional axis object to plot on

Returns:

plot_points_on_slice(xyz, values=None, coord=-1000, slice='coronal', mapping='Allen', background='boundary', cmap='Reds', clevels=None, show_cbar=False, aggr='mean', fwhm=100, brain_atlas=None, ax=None)

Plot xyz points on slice. Points that lie in the same voxel within slice are aggregated according to method specified. A 3D Gaussian smoothing kernel with distance specified by fwhm is applied to images.

Parameters:

• xyz – 3 column array of xyz coordinates of points in metres

• values – array of values per xyz coordinates, if no values are given the sum of xyz points in each voxel is

returned :param coord: coordinate of slice in um (not needed when slice=’top’) :param slice: orientation of slice, options are ‘coronal’, ‘sagittal’, ‘horizontal’, ‘top’ (top view of brain) :param mapping: atlas mapping to use, options are ‘Allen’, ‘Beryl’ or ‘Cosmos’ :param background: background slice to overlay onto, options are ‘image’ or ‘boundary’ :param cmap: colormap to use :param clevels: min max color levels [cmin, cmax] :param show_cbar: whether to add colorbar to axis :param aggr: aggregation method. Options are sum, count, mean, std, median, min and max. Can also give in custom function (https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.stats.binned_statistic.html) :param fwhm: fwhm distance of gaussian kernel in um :param brain_atlas: AllenAtlas object :param ax: optional axis object to plot on

Returns:

compute_volume_from_points(xyz, values=None, aggr='sum', fwhm=100, ba=None)

Creates a 3D volume with xyz points placed in corresponding voxel in volume. Points that fall into the same voxel within the volume are aggregated according to the method specified in aggr. Gaussian smoothing with a 3D kernel with distance specified by fwhm (full width half max) argument is applied. If fwhm = 0, no gaussian smoothing is applied.

Parameters:

• xyz – 3 column array of xyz coordinates of points in metres

• values – 1 column array of values per xyz coordinates, if no values are given the sum of xyz points in each voxel is

returned :param aggr: aggregation method. Options are sum, count, mean, std, median, min and max. Can also give in custom function (https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.stats.binned_statistic.html) :param fwhm: full width at half maximum of gaussian kernel in um :param ba: AllenAtlas object :return:

plot_scalar_on_barplot(acronyms, values, errors=None, order=True, ax=None, brain_regions=None)

Function to plot scalar value per allen region on a bar plot. If order=True, the acronyms and values are reordered according to the order defined in the Allen structure tree

Parameters:

• acronyms (numpy.array) – A 1D array of acronyms

• values (numpy.array) – A 1D array of values corresponding to each acronym in the acronyms array

• errors (numpy.array) – A 1D array of error values corresponding to each acronym in the acronyms array

• order (bool, default=True) – Whether to order the acronyms according to the order defined by the Allen structure tree

• ax (matplotlib.pyplot.Axes) – An axis object to plot onto.

• brain_regions (iblatlas.regions.BrainRegions) – A brain regions object

Returns:

• fig (matplotlib.figure.Figure) – The plotted figure

• ax (matplotlib.pyplot.Axes) – The plotted axes.

plot_swanson_vector(acronyms=None, values=None, ax=None, hemisphere=None, br=None, orientation='landscape', empty_color='silver', vmin=None, vmax=None, cmap='viridis', annotate=False, annotate_n=10, annotate_order='top', annotate_list=None, mask=None, mask_color='w', fontsize=10, show_cbar=False, extend='neither', **kwargs)

Function to plot scalar value per allen region on the swanson projection. Plots on a vectorised version of the swanson projection

Parameters:

• acronyms (numpy.array) – A 1D array of acronyms or atlas ids

• values (numpy.array) – A 1D array of values corresponding to each acronym in the acronyms array

• ax (matplotlib.pyplot.Axes) – An axis object to plot onto.

• hemisphere ({'left', 'right', 'both', 'mirror'}) – The hemisphere to display.

• br (iblatlas.regions.BrainRegions) – A brain regions object.

• orientation ({landscape', 'portrait'}, default='landscape') – The plot orientation.

• empty_color (str, tuple of int, default='silver') – The greyscale matplotlib color code or an RGBA int8 tuple defining the filling of brain regions not provided.

• vmin (float) – Minimum value to restrict the colormap

• vmax (float) – Maximum value to restrict the colormap

• cmap (string or matplotlib.colors.Colormap) – matplotlib colormap to use

• show_cbar (bool, default=False) – Whether to display a colorbar.

• extend (str, default='neither') – Which side of the colorbar to extend. See colorbar documentation.

• annotate (bool, default=False) – If true, labels the regions with acronyms.

• annotate_n (int) – The number of regions to annotate

• annotate_order ({'top', 'bottom'}) – If annotate_n is specified, whether to annotate the n regions with the highest (top) or lowest (bottom) values

• annotate_list (numpy.array of list) – List of regions to annotate, if this is provided, if overwrites annotate_n and annotate_order

• mask (numpy.array or list) – List of regions to apply a mask to (fill them with a specific color)

• mask_color (string, tuple or list) – Color for the mask

• fontsize (int) – The annotation font size in points.

• **kwargs – See plot_polygon and plot_polygon_with_hole.

Returns:

The plotted axes.

Return type:

matplotlib.pyplot.Axes

plot_swanson(acronyms=None, values=None, ax=None, hemisphere=None, br=None, orientation='landscape', annotate=False, empty_color='silver', **kwargs)

Displays the 2D image corresponding to the swanson flatmap.

This case is different from the others in the sense that only a region maps to another regions, there is no correspondence to the spatial 3D coordinates.

Parameters:

• acronyms (numpy.array) – A 1D array of acronyms or atlas ids

• values (numpy.array) – A 1D array of values corresponding to each acronym in the acronyms array

• ax (matplotlib.pyplot.Axes) – An axis object to plot onto.

• hemisphere ({'left', 'right', 'both', 'mirror'}) – The hemisphere to display.

• br (iblatlas.regions.BrainRegions) – A brain regions object.

• orientation ({landscape', 'portrait'}, default='landscape') – The plot orientation.

• empty_color (str, tuple of int, default='silver') – The greyscale matplotlib color code or an RGBA int8 tuple defining the filling of brain regions not provided.

• vmin (float) – Minimum value to restrict the colormap

• vmax (float) – Maximum value to restrict the colormap

• cmap (string) – matplotlib named colormap to use

• annotate (bool, default=False) – If true, labels the regions with acronyms.

• **kwargs – See matplotlib.pyplot.imshow.

Returns:

The plotted axes.

Return type:

matplotlib.pyplot.Axes

annotate_swanson(ax, acronyms=None, orientation='landscape', br=None, thres=20000, **kwargs)

Display annotations on a Swanson flatmap.

Parameters:

• ax (matplotlib.pyplot.Axes) – An axis object to plot onto.

• acronyms (array_like) – A list or numpy array of acronyms or Allen region IDs. If None plot all acronyms.

• orientation ({landscape', 'portrait'}, default='landscape') – The plot orientation.

• br (iblatlas.regions.BrainRegions) – A brain regions object.

• thres (int, default=20000) – The number of pixels above which a region is labelled.

• **kwargs – See matplotlib.pyplot.Axes.annotate.